ANCIENT HISTORY OF SPAIN

THE IBERIANS

THE CELTS

– They inhabited the south and east of the  Iberian Peninsula.

– They were organized into tribes.

– They live in fortified settlements. 

– They built rectangular houses.

– Many of them worked as farmers, craftsmen, warriors and traders.

– They had their own money and their own writing.

– They inhabited the north and the centre of the  Iberian Peninsula.

– They were organized into tribes.

– They live in forts. They built circular houses.

– Many of them worked as farmers and warriors. 

– They made iron and bronze objects.

– They did not know how to write and did not use money.

THE GREEKS

THE PHOENICIANS

– They came from Greece. They began 3,000 years ago in the eastern Mediterranean sea.

– They live in polis with its own governors, laws and army. The first city-states were Athens and Sparta.

– People who governed were elected by free citizens. This was the origin of democracy.

– They created colonies (Rodas, Ampurias, Sagunto and Denia on the north-eastern coast).

– They came from Asia about 2,600 years ago.

– They settled on the southern coast of the  Iberian Peninsula.

– They founded trading colonies (Gadir, Malaka and Sexi).

– They developed the first version of the alphabet we use today.

THE CARTHAGINIANS

– They came from the north of Africa to the Iberian Peninsula about 2,300 years ago.

– They founded new colonies (Cartago Nova and Ebusus) in the east of the peninsula and on the Balearic Islands.

– They were warrior people. They fought with the Romans. 

THE ROMANS

– Rome was another important civilisation in Ancient History. It originated on the Italian Peninsula. In 218 B.C. the Romans began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. 

– The Romans and Carthaginians were rivals. They both wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea. 

– In 218 B.C. the Romans invaded the Iberian Peninsula. After many battles they defeated the Carthaginians. Now the Romans controlled the east and south of the Iberian Peninsula. 

– At the beginning the Romans didn’t control all of the Iberian Peninsula. They fought different wars against the Celtiberians for almost 200 years. 

– The Roman conquest ended in 19 B.C. This was when the Romans controlled all of the peninsula. 

– The Romans called the Iberian Peninsula Hispania. They divided Hispania into provinces. The Romans changed how the people of the Iberian Peninsula lived. These changes are called Romanisation. 

– The Romans built cities, aqueducts, roads (vías) and bridges. 

– Society was divided into free people and slaves.

– They introduced Roman law ; their language, Latin;  Roman schools;  Roman- style sculptures, paintings and mosaics;  and their religion. The Roman religion had many gods. Later on the Romans adopted Christianity and introduced it to the Iberian Peninsula. 

– As well as Hispania, the Romans conquered many other lands in Europe, Africa and Asia. All of these lands together were called the Roman Empire and was ruled by the Roman emperor. Three of these emperors were born in Hispania: Trajan, Hadrian and Theodosius. 

– People who lived outside the Roman Empire were called barbarians. In the 3rd century A.D., they started to invade the empire. The Romans fought against them for more than 200 years. In 476 A.D. the barbarians conquered the empire. They removed the last emperor, Romulus Augustus. This was the fall of the Roman Empire and the end of Ancient History. 

– Today we can still see the remains of many Roman buildings and other structures in Spain (temples, aqueducts, theatres, baths, roads and bridges).

AQUÍ OS DEJO UNA PRESENTACIÓN QUE RESUME TODOS LOS CONTENIDOS TRABAJADOS EN ESTA UNIDAD

SS4 and anc history presentation